Alkyl Vinyl Aryl Halides. The term vinyl is often used to describe any alkenyl group. A vinyl halide is clearly a species with a formula h 2c c x h in which a halide is directly bound to an olefinic bond. Formally this is ethylene h 2c ch 2 with one of the hydrogens substituted by a heteroatom.
Benzylic halides allylic halides vinylic halides and aryl halides. Formally this is ethylene h 2c ch 2 with one of the hydrogens substituted by a heteroatom.
Step 1 of 3 if the halogen atom halo group is bonded to a single bonded carbon atom a sp3 hybridized carbon atom then it is known as an alkyl halide.
Consequently this functional group is polarized so that the carbon is electrophilic and the halogen is nucleophilic as shown in the drawing below. An aryl halide has general formula c6h 5x in which an halide group x has substituted the aryl ring. Unlike typical alkyl halides aryl halides do not participate in conventional s n 2 reactions as the backside attack required for an s n 2 reaction is impossible owing to the planar structure of the aryl group. If the halogen atom halo group is bonded to a double bonded carbon a sp2 hybridized carbon atom then it is known as vinyl halide.
